Luis Fernando Camacho is a Bolivian politician and civic leader who served as the democratically elected governor of Santa Cruz, Bolivia’s most populous department. He rose to national prominence in 2019 after leading nonviolent mass protests against the electoral fraud committed by Evo Morales’s Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) government. In December 2022, over 40 plainclothes government agents violently arrested him without a warrant on fabricated terrorism charges and transferred him to Chonchocoro, Bolivia’s maximum security prison at 4,000 meters above sea level. HRF represented Camacho before the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, which issued an opinion in March 2025 declaring his detention arbitrary and in violation of international law. The Bolivian government refused to comply. After nearly three years of pretrial detention, a Supreme Court order prompted his release in August 2025, days after MAS was eliminated in the first round of the general election, ending nearly two decades of almost uninterrupted rule.